ch. 4 Closed Fracture

• Oestern and Tscherne classification of soft tissue injury in closed fractures (Fracture is not exposed to the environment.)

Grade 0	Minimal soft tissue damage indirect injury to limb (torsion) simple fracture pattern
Grade 1	Superficial abrasion or contusion mild fracture pattern
Grade 2	Deep abrasion skin or muscle contusion severe fracture pattern direct trauma to limb
Grade 3	Extensive skin contusion or crush injury severe damage to underlying muscle compartment syndrome subcutaneous avulsion